Language Free Essays

It even seems that contrastive studies should rather be regarded as an approach, not as a branch of general linguistics. In teaching and learning English as second language, contrastive analysis is really helpful for both the teachers and the students, because we will know the differences and similarities between source language (Al ) and target language Therefore, it is easy for us to learn and adjust to the target engage. So that, we do not incorporate the system of our source language to the target language, because each language has distinct system. We will write a custom essay sample on Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now CA presents a successful theoretical and practical case for the value of CA as a research tool, both for those studying applied linguistics and for teachers needing to adjust their teaching to the state of knowledge of their students Contrastive analysis can help teachers to ; Design teaching and learning materials (methodology) Engage learner in activities to be a good user of target language. (classroom activities) Evaluate text books. Pay attention to the structure Of the texts beyond sentence level. Pay attention to conversation in its regular pattern in different situations. Pay attention to complex areas like intonation. How to cite Language, Papers Language Free Essays To have another language is to possess a second soul. † said Charlemagne, which may sound like a clich © but is actually very accurate. I believe that learning a language expands our life views and provides us some significant opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, I strongly believe that the language we learn directly affects our way of thinking as we start to think in that particular language. For example Turkish is my mother tongue and I am learning English as a second language, so I know that there s not exact translation for most of the words from Turkish to English. In this situation if I think like a Turkish, I will probably be misunderstood and cannot state my ideas clearly. So I have to think like an American when I am speaking English to appropriately express my thoughts. This way I will have a different way of thinking of a different culture and I can get to know that culture better. I think this experience ives me a second identity, and this second identity diversifies the way I look at the things as well as my knowledge. In other words, I become a different person than I was before I learned that particular language. The other benefit of learning a second language is obviously being able to communicate with many people. Especially when a person is learning a widely spoken language like English or Spanish, it becomes a lot easier to get to know other people from different countries nd cultures. Additionally learning foreign languages provides huge benefits when it comes to the career, as it is a necessity to know foreign languages to apply for a Job or to work abroad. In conclusion learning a new language will expand our knowledge of the world as we have the mentality of a foreign culture while speaking that language and we gain a second identity with that experience. And of course new languages provide us to get to know more people and contribute to our success. How to cite Language, Papers

Approaches to Professional Nursing for Concepts -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theApproaches to Professional Nursing for Concepts Challenges. Answer: Profile I have pursued my career in Diploma of Hospitality (2010). My achievements during my academic performances include certificate IV in hospitality in commercial cookery (2008) and certificate III in hospitality in commercial cookery (2007). After my academics, I have worked as a sandwich artist in Subway King Street Wharf (2008-2012) and then in Coles express as customer service assistance (2011-2013) and currently working as assistant manager in Coles express (Black, 2016). During my studies, I had got the opportunity of working as the staff nurse in a community hospital along with the other key members of the committee in the Texass childrens hospital for developing and implementing the concept of newborn virtual visitation. This is an excellent opportunity whereas a nurse; I could learn how to give personal attention, facilitate bonding, and calm down the fears of the parents whose baby has been admitted to our hospital. I eventually came up with the plan that how well my unit can p erform the task of connecting the parents with their babies. All these strategies were in compliance with the NMBA guidelines. As a nurse, I have valued the quality of the nursing care that is given to the patients. The visitors were from diversified cultures, but equal value and respect were given to all. The quality nursing and health care are provided to all babies in this hospital (Hood, 2013). Curriculum vitae I belong to a family of 4 which consists of a mother who is a house maker, father works as a private employee, a younger sister in class 10th and me who pursued my career in Diploma of Hospitality (2010). My interests are reading books and providing service to the poor people. In my academic history, there are proven record of responsibility and reliability. Have been professional and remain calm all through basic episodes. I'm having solid systematic; aptitudes and fit for evaluating the conditions and actualizing the proper intercession. I have filled in as a sandwich craftsman at metro for a long time where I used to check the items in the sandwich unit zone and restocks things to guarantee an adequate supply all through the move. Exhibits a total comprehension of menu things and discloses them to visitors precisely. I set up a nourishment flawlessly, as indicated by recipe and in an opportune way. Later I filled in as client benefit help for a long time at Coles Express with the duties of Starting and shutting shift; handling pay-ins, money drops, modifying the Till, fuel value changes, and fuel conveyance Housekeeping by following the store cleaning list. Then, with my performance, I was promoted as assistant manager for which am currently working. Continuing professional development During my academic career and while pursuing a part-time job I have been attending several workshops, conferences, and seminars on nursing at various places for enhancing my knowledge towards the career. I have attended the workshops and conferences held by a professional development centre. It is committed to providing the high quality, up to date and relevant programs for nurses and midwives (Masters, 2015). Making Time to Care using Continuous Quality Improvement Tools is the workshop which has allowed the nurses in analyzing their current practices and also in identifying the blockages in their practice during the time of caring the patients. This was an interactive and practical workshop that has given an insight on the concepts of productive ward and process improvements. The Eight Step Approach to Healthy Self-Assertion: It is training which helped in gaining increased personal effectiveness, self-confidence, and control over our lives. It has been designed in such a way that one can know what they want in life and can generate solutions on own (Parandeh et al., 2015). This is the workshop that has provided the participants with a set of skills to allow them in developing their careers as nurses. One could assess the needs of career development and could explore the opportunities for their career along with professional development. Reflection As I am in first year of the course so I want to learn the things in every possible way. I want practical oriented knowledge rather than theoretical knowledge. I believe one can much knowledge through practical rather than theatrical. So I have that curiosity to know the things so I have asked one my uncle to take me to his working place. There he is working in a surgical ward, currently he is working under the guidance of one of the mentors from the same place during which he has to take care of a 72-year-old individual Mr. X. He had undergone an abdominal surgery. My Uncle was asked to remove the dressing on the wound so that the doctor can have a look during her ward rounds. Under his mentor supervision, he has removed the dressing with the help of non-touch procedure and has cleaned the wound as told by the doctor. At that point of time mentor was called to check another patient and so on, his request he stayed back with Mr. X. while we kept waiting for the doctor to visit him. The doctor was examining the wound of the adjacent patient and by the time my uncle noticed she suddenly came to Mr. X. for examining his wound, but she did not wash her hands, nor she used alcohol for sterilizing her hands. I even noticed that she was wearing a shirt with long sleeves which can be contaminated. By the time I gained my senses and gained the courage to inform her she already started examining the wound of Mr. X. So there my uncle told her it could be serious for Mr X. and after listening to my uncle she was impressed. That time I learned no matter what one should raise his voice against the things which should be benefit for others. References Black, B. (2016). Professional Nursing-E-Book: Concepts Challenges. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hood, L. (2013). Leddy Pepper's conceptual bases of professional nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Masters, K. (2015). Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Parandeh, A., Khaghanizade, M., Mohammadi, E., Nouri, J. M. (2015). Factors influencing development of professional values among nursing students and instructors: a systematic review. Global journal of health science, 7(2), 284.

Naked lunch free essay sample

The play Naked Lunch by Michael Hollinger focuses on the relationship between the two characters Vernon and Lucy. The two had previously had a romantic relationship, but for whatever reason ended it. In an attempt to get Lucy back, Vernon invites her to have a steak dinner with him. When Lucy refuses to eat the steak (due to the fact that she is now a vegetarian), things quickly take the turn for the worst. Throughout the play Vernon is controlling, demeaning, manipulative and abusive, and though it seems that Lucy tried to turn her life around and wants better for herself, she is submissive towards him. While telling the story of a previously estranged couple, Michael Hollinger uses metaphor, imagery and characterization in order to show that the hostile diner is more than just a diner; it is a metaphor for an abusive relationship and rape. The play opens with Lucy and Vernon engaged in a conversation about a show about crocodile hunting. We will write a custom essay sample on Naked lunch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The crocodile in this story is symbolic of Vernon. He states, â€Å"you can’t train a crocodile†¦all it knows, or wants to know is whether or not your juicy†(Hollinger 856). The crocodile is a metaphor for how Lucy can’t change Vernon. No matter how hard she may try, he is incapable of change. All he is concerned about is not whether Lucy is safe or happy; it’s whether or not he’s attracted to her. Professor wants me to make sure this is true†¦what is he really saying with this story? What message is he sending her? The vase of flowers placed in the center of the table is another example of how Hollinger uses metaphors to describe the relationship between Vernon and Lucy. The meaning of the vase however, varies slightly depending on how it is set up. If the vase has too many flowers it shows that Vernon is overcompensating and could be his way of trying to impress Lucy or distract her with pretty things in order to get her back. While if the vase contains too few flowers, it is symbolic of Vernon simply not caring much about Lucy. It shows that taking the time to actually put out a nice display for the woman whom he is trying to win back is too much work and effort. The awkward vase is a metaphor for their relationship and the diner itself. Make sure that im not confusing metaphor with imagery; refrence draft corrections by professor. Also cite for paraphrases. The fact that Lucy is now a vegetarian is a huge part of this play. It shows us that she is not only trying to make herself a better person than she was while in the relationship with Vernon, but also that she is done with Vernon, (or at least wants to be). Lucy said she had done some soul searching while they were separated and decided to not eat meat. This decision is a metaphor for Lucy deciding she want to cut Vernon off. However Vernon does not have the same desire, he wants her back. While she is giving reasons for why she decided to become a vegetarian, Vernon is shooting every one of them down come up with another way to say this. Apparently this is slang.. He says that her reasons are stupid and have no merit and should stop listening to what others tell her. This is Vernon’s way of telling Lucy that she has no good reason to leave him and should stop listening to her family and friends. Lastly, the steak is also a metaphor for rape. The way Vernon forces the meat in her mouth is symbolic of him forcing himself on Lucy. She is terrified while he is assaulting her â€Å"They are locked in a struggle, he menacing, she terrified†(Hollinger 859).

How to Use Pickle to Save Objects in Python

How to Use Pickle to Save Objects in Python Pickle, which is part of the Python library by default, is an important module whenever you need persistence between user sessions. As a module, pickle provides for the saving of Python objects between processes. Whether you  are programming for a database, game, forum, or some other application that must save information between sessions, pickle is useful for saving identifiers and settings. The pickle module can store things such as data types such as booleans, strings, and byte arrays, lists, dictionaries, functions, and more. Note:  The concept of pickling is also known as serialization, marshaling, and  flattening. However, the point is always the same- to save an object to a file for later retrieval. Pickling accomplishes this by writing the object as one long stream of bytes.   Pickle Example Code in Python To write an object to a file, you  use a code in the following syntax: import pickle object Object() filehandler open(filename, w) pickle.dump(object, filehandler) Heres how a real-world example  looks: import pickle import math object_pi math.pi file_pi open(filename_pi.obj, w) pickle.dump(object_pi, file_pi) This snippet writes the contents of object_pi to the file handler file_pi, which in turn is bound to the file filename_pi.obj in the directory of execution. To restore the value of the object to memory, load the object from the file. Assuming that pickle has not yet been imported for use, start by importing it: import pickle filehandler open(filename, r) object pickle.load(filehandler) The following code restores the value of pi: import pickle file_pi2 open(filename_pi.obj, r) object_pi2 pickle.load(file_pi2) The object is then ready for use once again, this time as object_pi2. You can, of course, reuse the original names, if you prefer. This example uses distinct names for clarity. Things to Remember About Pickle Keep these things in mind when using the pickle module: The pickle protocol is specific to Python – its not guaranteed to be cross-language compatible. You most likely cannot transfer the information to make it useful in Perl, PHP, Java, or other languages.There is also no guarantee of compatibility between different versions of Python. IThe incompatibility exists because not every Python data structure can be serialized by the module.By default, the latest version of the pickle protocol is used. It remains that way unless you manually change it. Tip:  Also find out  how to use shelve to save objects in Python  for another method of maintaining object continuity.

Patriot Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Patriot Act - Research Paper Example The Department of Justice designed and developed the drafts for this new law. This legislation is intended to fortify the measures and reinforce the available tools to deal with domestic and international terrorism. It also provides a number of new techniques to the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation and federal prosecutors (Jenks). Under these interventions, the US agencies can identify and prosecute terrorist networks at the national and international levels. Central to the US PATRIOT Act is its unique feature of streamlining communications between the different agencies addressing terrorism and terrorist activities. This Act has simplified the task of investigation and surveillance, by introducing less involved procedures. Funding for the victims of terrorist acts and the families of such victims has been substantially enhanced under the provisions of this exemplary Act. Moreover, it provides ample funds for reconstructing infrastructure and business that had been destroyed or damaged by terrorism (Fritscher). This Act has been sub – divided into 10 sections or titles. These titles consist of several sections that explain the provisions of that particular title. A concrete definition is provided in the titles and sections to the federal government. The aim of this delineation is to clarify the powers conferred upon the enforcement agencies, with regard to the investigation of terrorist activities. It is important to note that the provisions of the US PATRIOT Act also contain several checks and balances that are aimed at preventing the abuse of power (Fritscher). Argument 1 The USA PATRIOT Act establishes special scrutiny measures for foreign jurisdictions. Thus, enforcement officials can prosecute international terrorist organizations and foreign financial institutions. It also empowers them to deal with certain classes of international transactions and accounts, if these are suspected of being put to criminal use. This Act r equires all international financial service agencies to monitor their transactions and to report any instances of money laundering. The Act further strengthens measures to prevent the misuse of the US financial system for personal gains, by corrupt foreign officials (USA PATRIOT Act). In addition, it provides mechanisms to repatriate stolen assets to the country to which they belong. Prior to the enactment of the US PATRIOT Act, the law enforcement agencies of the US had found it very difficult to take direct action, in order to prevent acts of terrorism or to monitor terrorist activity in the country. It was believed in many quarters that substantial alterations had to be made to the existing laws, if the contemporary terrorist organizations were to be dealt with in a competent manner (Patriot Act 2001). These terrorist organizations, such as the notorious al Qaeda, were very well organized and had access to the highly sophisticated contemporary communications technology. The propo nents of increased domestic surveillance have rightly claimed that the harm caused by the possibility of breach of the rights of the US citizens was insignificant. This was in comparison to the immeasurable harm that terrorists could inflict upon the nation, by taking advantage of the absence of domestic surveillance. Such surveillance is indispensable if another terrorist attack of the

Pop Culture Advertisement for Lynx Shower Gel Essay

Pop Culture Advertisement for Lynx Shower Gel - Essay Example The product featured is in a small blue bottle with a black lid and its name inscribed in white against black is placed on the bottom in the right side. The caption reads: â€Å"LYNX Shower Gel. Get Dirty.† The setting implies a bathroom and has overtones of kinky sex which is used as an excuse for the Shower Gel product, which is supposed to serve as a sex appeal embellishment. The impact of the advertisement is based solely on its ostensibly clever message through the striking image that begs a second look. However, a deeper analysis will reveal the fallacies on which it depends and tries to communicate. It does not make any attempt to feature the functional advantages the product has over similar products in the market. It takes for granted the new-age notions of advertising for the youth that no information regarding the product’s chemical composition or explanation on why it would be a perfect choice is needed as long as the brand name imposes its power over the customers. Moreover, the advertisement seems to be based on the false assumption that attention from women bothers its prospective customers – men in this case – of all age groups and personal sexual choices. Though it could be assumed that the product aims at the youth as its customers, the advertisement restricts its appeal as it addresses only the heterosexual youth. It a lso assumes that the representation of the female body in an exotic setting catches the eye of all its customers. It could be argued that the popular advertisement culture has, in fact, made the female body a marketing tool, and this advertisement just follows the status quo. But a logical analysis will reveal that it fails to establish a pertinent relationship between the product and the image presented. The intended pun in the caption â€Å"Get Dirty† reiterates the sexual overtone which is already obvious through the image. But the implication is quite ambiguous.  Ã‚  

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: Carbon Isotopic Composition

Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency: Carbon Isotopic Composition Determination of intrinsic water use efficiency of different Mediterranean forest species by carbon isotopic composition Abstract An experiment will be conducted to study the C-13 composition in the tissues of Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex and Arbutus unedo under different water availability conditions. C-13 composition will be determined using elemental analyser. An ANOVA will be conducted to analyze the composition of C-13 within the plant tissue of plants in different water availability conditions. We will compare the C-13 compositions in the plant tissues of the species within same year with relation to water availability. The relationship between the C-13 composition in the plant tissue and water use efficiency (WUEi), different strategies to couple water stress will also be discussed. Introduction The Mediterranean landscape has low precipitation and humidity, and high sun intensity with less productive soil (FAO, 2010). Previous studies show that changes are occurring in the amount, intensity, frequency and type of precipitation with climate change. Mediterranean Forests are generally composed of broadleaf and pine species. All the species have different water requirements. It is needed to determine the intrinsic water use efficiency of main species (Pinus halepensis, Arbutus unedoandQuercus ilex) of the landscape for better compositional management of the landscapes keeping in view the water demands of the species. Literature review The Mediterranean region has limited and unevenly distributed water resources with only 1.2% of total renewable water resources (FAO, 2010). The basin has high sun light and low humidity. The freshwater resources are expected to decrease upto 20-30% in 1950 due to global warming. The mediterranean region is most vulnerable to the climate change (Milano et al., 2012). The region is rich in biodiversity. Quercus (broad leaf) is well-represented genus, with a great range of species including Q. ilex (FAO, 2010). Oak is also a heritage plant in Portugal (Galmà ©s et al., 2007). Pinus halepensis and Arbutus unedo are the two other prominent species of the Mediterranean region (Molina et al., 2012). P. halepensis has water saver behavior and Q. ilex behaves like water spender (Baquedano et al., 2006). Water stress affects the vegetation production by a reduction of the leaf area, the stomatal conductance and the CO2 uptake and hence of the photosynthesis, and by a slowdown of root elevati on and development (Verstraeten et al., 2006). Under water stress conditions, plants exhibit several short to long-term adaptive responses. Reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) due to closing of stomata (gs) is the first functional adaptations to water shortage (Galmà ©s et al., 2007). The adaptive responses are related with carbon splitting and create changes in vegetative and fruit growth (Chalmers and Ende, 1975: Hsiao, 1973). The intensity and duration of water stress, whether imposed via irrigation or resulting from natural drought, may affect leaf gas exchange and nutrient uptake (Boyer, 1996 and Flexas and Medrano, 2002). Oak tree minimizes water potential of the leave to extract water from a region of higher water potential that is soil (Guehl and Aussenac, 1987; Lo Gullo and Salleo, 1988). Plant takes carbon (C-12 and C-13) during photosynthesis. In normal water conditions, Plants prefer carbon 12 during photosynthesis (Farquhar et al., 1989). This is called carbon-12 discrimination (Craig, 1957). The discrimination takes place in two levels. Firstly, it takes place during gas exchange through stomata. Secondly, the discrimination is by RuBisCO enzyme (Farquhar et al., 1989). In stressed conditions, plants tend to minimize water loss through closing stomata. This will also decrease the gaseous exchange through stomata. In this condition, there is not adequate carbon dioxide in the leave tissue for photosynthesis. So plants have no more preference for carbon-12. They take both carbon-12 and carbon-13 (Ferrio, 2003). Problem statement Mediterranean ecosystems are strongly limited by a long and intense drought period that coincides with the hottest period. Moreover, in the next decades, the Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula is predicted to face a 20% decrease in precipitation, and an increase of 2–3 °C in temperature (MARM, 2009), all of which will lead to higher water stress. Plant growth in the region is strictly limited by drought in recent scenario (Rey and Alcà ¡ntara, 2000, Quero etal., 2008andGonzà ¡lez-Rodrà ­guez etal., 2011). The field simulations suggest that in future, this will become even more problematic (Matà ­as etal., 2012) due to climate change (Milano et al., 2012). The pressure on freshwater resources will also increase because of tourism, tanning, food and textile industry and agriculture sector. Possible future changes in water resources availability in this densely populated region may have dramatic societal and environmental effects (Gracia-Ruiz et al., 2011). With shortage of water, we have to face desertification, erosion and food security problem. Both broad and narrow leaf species are inhabited here (FAO, 2010). All species of the landscape vary in their water requirement. Some species consumes more water than the others. So we have to identify the species with lower water requirement and better strategies to cope the water scarcity problem. It is needed to determine the intrinsic water use efficiency of main species (Pinus halepensis, Arbutus unedoandQuercus ilex) of the landscape for better compositional management of the landscapes keeping in view the water demands of the species. Research Questions: Which one is the best suited species among P. halepensis, A. unedoandQ. ilex for the water scarced Mediterranean landscape? Specific Objectives: To analyze the intrinsic water use efficiencies of P. halepensis, A. unedoandQ. ilex over space. To analyze the intrinsic water use efficiencies of P. halepensis, A. unedoandQ. ilex over time to determine the best species for the future landscape composition to minimize the water consumption. To determine variability in water requirements of the P. halepensis, A. unedoandQ. ilex Hypothesis: Intrinsic water use efficiency of P. halepensis, A. unedoandQ. ilex is same and they consume same amount of water. There is no variability in the water requirement of P. halepensis, A. unedoandQ. ilex over space. Limitation The time to analyze the temporal and spatial changes is short. Materials and Methodology Plant samples of three species will be collected from botanical garden, arboretum of University of Lleida, Spain. The water supply will be artificially varied. Carbon-13 composition of collected samples will be analyzed by Europa Scientific 20-20 IRMS coupled to a Europa Scientific elemental analyser. Plant C-13 analyses are currently used for a diverse range of applications including environmental (Ferrio, 2003) and ecophysiological studies (Arens et al., 2000; Kohn, 2010). The data will be analyzed by ANOVA. References Arens NC, Jahren AH, Amundson R. 2000.Can C3 plants faithfully record the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide? Paleobiology 26:137–164. Boyer J. (1996). Advances in drought tolerance in plants. Adv. Agron., 56 (1996), pp. 187–218 Chalmers D.J., and Ende B.V.D. (1975). A Reappraisal of the Growth and Development of Peach Fruit. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 2(4) 623 – 634 Craig H. 1957. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 12: 133–149. FAO (2010).Aquastat–Systà ¨me d’information de la FAO sur l’eau et l’agriculture Farquhar G.D., Ehleringer J.R., Hubick K.T., 1989. Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 40, 503-537 Ferrio J.P., Voltas J., Araus J.L. (2003). Use of carbon isotope composition in monitoring environmental changes. Management of Environmental Quality 14, 82-98. Flexas J., Medrano H. (2002). Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. Ann. Bot., 89 (2), pp. 183–189. Galmà ©s j., Medrano H., Flexas J. (2007). Photosynthetic limitations in response to water stress and recovery in Mediterranean plants with different growth forms. New Phytol. 175 (1), pp. 81–93 Guehl JM, Aussenac G (1987). Photosynthesis decrease and stomatal control of gas exchange in Abies alba Mill. in response to vapour pressure difference. Plant Physiol 83:316–322 Hsiao T.C. (1973). Plant responses to water stress. Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol., 24 (1) (1973), pp. 519–570 J.L. Quero, L. Gà ³mez-Aparicio, R. Zamora, F.T. Maestre (2008). Shifts in the regeneration niche of an endangered tree (Acer opalus ssp. granatense) during ontogeny: using an ecological concept for application. Basic Appl. Ecol., 9, pp. 635–644 J.M. Garcia-Ruiz, J.I. Lopez-Moreno, S.M. Vicente Serrano, T. Lasanta-Martinez, S. Begueria (2011). Mediterranean water resources in a global change scenario. Earth-Science Reviews, 105, pp. 121–139 Kohn MJ. 2010. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo) ecology and (paleo) climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 107: 19691–19695 Matà ­as L., Quero J.L., Zamora R., Castro J., (2012). Evidence for plant traits driving specific drought resistance. A community field experiment. Environ. Exp. Bot., 81, pp. 55–61 Lo Gullo MA, Salleo S (1988). Different strategies of drought resistance in three Mediterranean sclerophyllous trees growing in the same environmental conditions. New Phytologist 108:267–276 M. Milano, D. Ruelland, S. Fernandez, A. Dezetter, J. Fabre, E. Servat (2012). Facing climatic and anthropogenic changes in the Mediterranean basin: What will be the medium-term impact on water stress? Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 344(9), pp. 432-440 P.J. Rey, J.M. Alcà ¡ntara (2000). Recruitment dynamics of a fleshy-fruited plant (Olea europaea): connecting patterns of seed dispersal to seedling establishment. J.Ecol., 88, pp. 622–633 Quinta Comunicacià ³n Nacional de Espaà ±a (2009). Convencià ³n Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climà ¡tico Diciembre, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. V. Gonzà ¡lez-Rodrà ­guez, R. Villar, R. Casado, E. Suà ¡rez-Bonnet, J.L. Quero, R. Navarro Cerrillo (2011) Spatio-temporal heterogeneity effects on seedling growth and establishment in four Quercus species. Ann. For. Sci., 68, pp. 1217–1232 Baquedano F. J., Castillo F.J. (2006).Comparative ecophysiological effects of drought on seedlings of the Mediterranean water-saver Pinus halepensis and water-spenders Quercus coccifera and Quercus ilex. Trees. 20:689–700.